1 Timothy 1:1-2 - A Letter to Timothy - Greetings

1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the command of God our Savior and of Christ Jesus our hope:
2 To Timothy, my true son in the faith. Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.

vs. 1 - This letter opening is typical of the others in the New Testament. When we write letters, we usually start off with, "Dear ... ," and end with "Sincerely, ... " and the name of the writer. I am not sure if letters were sent with a return address on the envelope. Letters were like most books which were rolled up scrolls, and not written on paper at all.

"apostle" - Paul establishes his bona fides immediately. There were only twelve or thirteen apostles of the Christian church - the original eleven disciples (twelve minus Judas Iscariot), the replacement Matthias (Acts 1:23-26), and Paul. These were taught by Jesus Christ - the twelve followed Jesus during His earthly ministry. Paul was taught by Jesus, after the encounter on the road to Damascus. There were other disciples - Barnabas, Epaphras, Silas and Timothy who were dedicated to the gospel. None of these are described as 'apostles'. Apostleship includes a certain authority; not a power-to-rule type authority, but an official imprimatur as someone who was instructed by Jesus.

"by the command" - The position of Apostle in the church of Jesus Christ was a selected group and voluntary. By this I mean they were tapped on the shoulder and Jesus said, "I want you to follow me, and spread the gospel." It was not like the masses of people seeking healing or some other miracle. The apostles were called to serve, and are a sub-set of believers, a sub-set of the original disciples. They agreed to the command and served to the end of their lives. These were not men who jumped on a bandwagon of a famous and successful candidate. There was no popularity vote, no campaign to get people to choose who would serve.

"God our Savior and of Christ Jesus" - This emphasizes the trinity, or at least two-thirds of the trinity. Jesus is our Savior. He died on the cross for us. He is the resurrection from the dead for us. Our hope is on Him. Jesus is God; God is Jesus. (John 14:9) God is our Savior. Some will say they believe God, but not Jesus.
It makes no sense to say God is our Savior, but Jesus is not.
If Jesus is not God, there is no adequate sacrifice for sin.
If there is no full payment, one that God will accept as paid-in-full, we are dead.
There is no hope because there is nothing we can do to earn His full approval. That is, there is no work we can do to open the doors of heaven for us. Believing and accepting Christ as Lord and Savior is the only "do" we can do. The price has been fully paid, our certificate of death which was against us has been nailed to the cross. (Col. 1:14).

vs. 2 - "Timothy" - A young disciple who was Paul's companion in many of his journeyings. Timothy’s mother, Eunice, and his grandmother, Lois raised him in a godly family. Paul met Timothy meet in Lystra where he was converted. Paul may have been the witness that brought Timothy to the Lord. Paul arranged that Timothy should become his companion, and he went with Paul’s journey through Phrygia, Galatia, and Mysia; also to Troas and Philippi and Berea (Act 17:14). Paul sent him from Athens with Silas to Thessalonica (Acts 17:15; 1 Th. 3:2). He went to Corinth with Paul (1 Th. 1:1; 2 Th. 1:1). He is sent on a mission into Macedonia. When the apostle was a prisoner at Rome, Timothy may have also been imprisoned. After Paul died, Timothy may have returned to Ephesus and may have died as a martyr. I say “may have” because the historical data is scant.

"grace, mercy, and peace" - three qualities we receive from God - grace when we get what we don't deserve; mercy because God takes pity on us by not giving us the wrath we do deserve (1 Cor. 7:25; 2 Cor. 4:1), and peace for now we are no longer at war with Him - we are friends (more than friends - family) See: 1 John 3:1,2; Rom. 8:16, 9:8; 2 Cor. 6:18; Hos. 1:10; Rev. 21:7.

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Outline and Summary of Paul's First Letter to Timothy

Written by: The Apostle Paul
When written: ~ 63 A.D.
Suggested Theme verse: "to let you know how people ought to conduct themselves" (3:15)

Purpose:

Paul is writing to encourage Timothy, a young leader of a church. I was going to say a new church, but then thought, "All the churches were new!" Almost no churches had been around for years or decades. There was very little church tradition. Some Jewish tradition had filtered over into the new Christian churches, but this was a new enterprise.
Most religions at the time were centered on Greek or Roman gods. There were very few organizations in which people were 'discipled', taught and trained in their belief system.
I don't think there were any 'churches' in which people were taught how to worship Caesar or Neptune. There were temples for Aphrodite, or Zeus, but I doubt there was much training, except for priests and acolytes. Did Caesar-worship have a bible? Did Zeus or Mars have a bible?
The Jews had synagogues, in which people came together regularly to be taught from their scriptures. Synagogues were local, for each village or neighborhood. People did not make the trek to Jerusalem for everyday worship, only for the major Holy Day sacrifices. In some ways, the church copied the practice of the Jews - getting together once a week to be taught. In addition, the teaching and practices of the church were radically different from all other religions (except for Judaism - both believed in God - and Christianity shared the Jewish Scriptures as their foundational documents.)

Paul tells Timothy people who are trying to get the Ephesus church to fall back into following the strictures of the Law don't know what they are talking about. After dealing with the problem of the Law, then Paul spends the rest of the letter helping Timothy guide the church in dealing with the family members. The interpersonal relationships of a group of people is complex. Even though we are 'new creations, all things have become new' (2 Cor. 5:17), our personalities, needs, and wants are all thrown into the church membership pot and stirred. The administration of a group of people requires both planners and doers, servants and those served, leaders and followers. I believe the Holy Spirit leads Paul to lay out a local church hierarchy, and guidelines for dealing with the believers.

Go through the letter, and see how God wants us to treat and work with each other in the church. Who will lead us? Elders. Who will serve us, help us in need? Deacons. Who should do these jobs? Upstanding citizens. Who should they serve? Widows. Old people. Slaves, Masters, Young men. Young women.Those who are in need. You know who they are, just look around you. They are your fellow believers. You see them every day, every church gathering.

Outline
Chap. 1
1:1-2 - Greeting
1:3-5 - Urging correct instruction
1:6-11 - They do not understand the law
1:12-17 - God's mercy shown to Paul
1:18-20 - Timothy reminded of his calling

Chap. 2
2:1-8 - Pray!
2:9-15 - Rules for Women

Chap. 3
3:1-13 - Rules for Overseers or Deacons
3:14-15 - Desire to come to you
3:16 - Compact Gospel

Chap. 4
4:1-5 - Some will stray
4:6-11 - Teaching the truth is good
4:12-16 - Stay faithful to your calling

Chap. 5 - Rules For harmonious living
5:1-2 - Old people
5:3-6 - Dealing with widows - part 1
5:7-8 - Realize your Responsibilities
5:9-10 - Starting a List...
5:11-16 - Dealing with Younger Widows - part 2
5:17-18 - Elders Are Your Leaders
5:19-20 - Accusations Against Leaders
5:21-23 - Keep yourself pure
5:24-25 - Behavior will be revealed

Chap. 6 - Rules for harmonious living
6:1-2 - Slaves and masters
6:3-5 - Fruit of false teaching
6:6-10 - The love of money...
6:11-12 - A charge to Timothy
6:13-16 - Jesus is the One
6:17-19 - Teach the rich
6:20-21 - Protect your calling
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Summary:

Background information:

Timothy had been left by Paul in Ephesus, or sent to Ephesus, to correct some false teaching being preached there. This letter also sets up a leadership structure for the local church. At this time the main church structure was located in Jerusalem where most of the apostles were living. Peter, John, John, and Luke were the main leaders in the Jerusalem church. Barnabas brought Paul to Jerusalem to be 'approved' by the council to be a missionary. See Acts 9:26-30.

Paul and Barnabas went to Jerusalem to be blessed and sent out to evangelize. See: Acts 15:1-21. They needed the approval of the 'twelve' to go to the Gentiles. Without that approval, there is no way to know if they were actually part of the Christian faith or charlatans in it for profit. In each city, or village, where believers were found, they came together to support each other. This support is important because what they were doing was completely new.
In any group of people, whether a drug gang, a golf players club, or a church, leaders will emerge. People who will study, who will demonstrate themselves as the ones who may have answers to questions such as: "How do we..."; or "What is the proper way to..."; and "Can you help?" Likewise, in any collection of people, there are those that want to be in control of others - whether for good or ill will.

From the Jewish tradition, there were people called or appointed to care for those in their tribe or neighborhood. For example, Moses could not manage the Israelites - there were too many with too many issues. See: Exo. 18:13-21. Even the first church in Jerusalem was too much for the twelve apostles. There were people appointed to handle problems and issues. Everything that happened in the Jerusalem church was not personally directed by the apostles. They delegated the work and responsibility. See: Acts 6:1-7.

One of the major differences between the Jewish religion and other religions of the time - the Roman or Greek gods - is the Jewish God was solitary, and not an eclectic group of 'super' individuals. This monotheism was/is unique, and their behavior was to be based on their relationship with God.
One of the major differences between the Jewish religion and the Christian religion involves the personal relationship each believer has with God. I do not mean God was remote from the individual Jew. Each person could call upon God, and come and pray to Him. God promised to listen when they prayed, when they sought Him with all their heart. Yet, there was no way for the average Joseph to offer a sacrifice in the Temple. Sacrifice were brought to the Temple, handed over to the priests who performed the ritual for the believer. The whole dynamic changed when Christ came to earth as a human, to be sacrificed and resurrected.

Jesus said if you believe in Me, I will be in you, you will be in Me, and I am giving you the Holy Spirit of God to teach, instruct, guide, comfort, and help you. You are not alone anymore. When you pray I will always hear you because I am in you. When you don't know what to pray (especially during stressful situations) the Holy Spirit will speak for you. The Spirit knows your needs. This personal relationship with God means that individuals do not need a priest to guide them, to teach them. Priests were no longer necessary to perform rituals. There are no longer sacrifices for atonement, cleansing, purification.
Priests are not a bad thing, just not required for faith in Christ. That being said, there will always be people who struggle with studying and applying information for living their lives. There will always be people who thrive in study and synthesizing concepts for understanding and living for Jesus. There will always be people who are better at organizing and leading groups, and there are always followers. Leaders, teachers, servers, and followers imply a hierarchy or structure for the church organization.

Paul is not addressing the ecclesiastical structure of the world wide church, if such a thing is necessary. He is giving instruction for local church body organization. How to choose leaders for our local church. The guidelines for leader criteria are started here in this letter.

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Note: My intent was to have each verse of the chapter included usually in italics, with discussion following. Sometimes if there were significant phrases or words, these are handled separately, and will be shown underlined. Verses quoted as reference or explanation will be italics with the address bold.
Please forgive fractured grammar, and partial sentences. These were notes written as I thought and prayed during the study. The truncated written thought was fully developed in my mind, or so I like to believe.

Col. 4:7-18 - Closings and greetings

See note 1

Vs. 7-9 - Tychicus, a dear brother, faithful minister, and fellow slave in the Lord, will tell you all the news about me. I sent him to you for this very purpose, that you may know how we are doing and that he may encourage your hearts. I sent him with Onesimus, the faithful and dear brother, who is one of you. They will tell you about everything here.

- Two fellow workers with Paul and Timothy were being sent to the people of Colossae to cheer them up and give them all the news, and exhortation. Note: not counting Timothy there are ten (10) workers listed in this letter. (1) Tychicus (name means 'chance') is mentioned in Acts 20, so is a long time helper with Paul. (2) Onesimus is perhaps more 'famous' because he was a slave, owned by Philemon. Onesimus runs away, eventually meets up with Paul and is converted. Paul convinces him to return voluntarily to Philemon (see the letter to Philemon). Onesimus and Tychicus are given the important jobs of delivering news to the churches in Macedonia area.

Vs. 10-14 - Aristarchus, my fellow prisoner, sends you greetings, as does Mark, the cousin of Barnabas (about whom you received instructions; if he comes to you, welcome him). And Jesus who is called Justus also sends greetings. In terms of Jewish converts, these are the only fellow workers for the kingdom of God, and they have been a comfort to me. Epaphras, who is one of you and a slave of Christ, greets you. He is always struggling in prayer on your behalf, so that you may stand mature and fully assured in all the will of God. For I can testify that he has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and Hierapolis. Our dear friend Luke the physician and Demas greet you.

- further listing of fellow workers (3) Aristarchus, (4) Mark - the author of the gospel; (5) Justus; (6) Epaphras; (7) Luke - author of the gospel and Acts; (8) Demas.
- Note: Epaphras worked hard for the church at Colossae, which he probably started. He prayed earnestly for them because of his concern for them and they might become mature in Christ. Mark served with Paul and Barnabas until a disagreement between Pauls and Barnabas arose concerning Mark. Paul and Barnabas part ways. Paul begins working with Silas, Mark leaves with Barnabas; they are cousins, so the Christian faith must have been shared in their family. See: Acts 15. Some time later, Paul and Mark resolve their differences, and Mark joins Paul in his ministry.

Vs. 15-18 - Give my greetings to the brothers and sisters who are in Laodicea and to Nympha and the church that meets in her house. And after you have read this letter, have it read to the church of Laodicea. In turn, read the letter from Laodicea as well. And tell Archippus, "See to it that you complete the ministry you received in the Lord. I, Paul, write this greeting by my own hand. Remember my chains. Grace be with you.

- Two more workers for Christ added to the list: (9) Nympha, (10) Archippus.
- "Nympha" - A woman sited as a founder, or at least a supporter of the New Testament church. Although Jewish tradition and also the surrounding culture did not really recognize women as 'people', the church founded on Christ definitely has a significant role for them. The ministry of the church elevates women from the time that Jesus starts His ministry, even before His death and resurrection. Mary, Martha, Mary Magdalene, the Samaritan woman at the well are all significant to His ministry.
To whom did Jesus first appear after the resurrection? - A woman, Mary.

Following up, the Apostles did not shun or berate women for their contribution. Women hold prominent places in the early church - see Acts, and the letters written by Paul and others.

Archippus is also listed in the letter to Philemon, and called a good soldier for Christ.

Final instructions "Read this letter and pass it on. Read the other letter when it arrives" I don't think that second letter was kept and preserved to be considered for the canon. And lastly an encouraging word for Archippus, "Don't forget you have been called into the ministry, be sure to do it always."

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End of Letter
note 1: The Bible Study NOtes for Col. 4:2-6 got posted in Jan. 2016 - ?! - No, I don’t know why or how. Ain’t technology wonderful - when it works...

Col. 3:18 - 4:1 - Guidelines for Family Living

This verse begins a new section of thought, dealing with more personal relations. This is a more specific application of the previous verses.

Guidelines for family living - Wives

Vs. 18 - Wives, submit to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord.

- Paul expands on verses 3:18-4:1 in Eph. 5:22-6:9.
See: - 22 Wives, be subject to your own husbands, as to the Lord. 23 For the husband is the head of the wife, as Christ also is the head of the church, He Himself being the Savior of the body. 24 But as the church is subject to Christ, so also the wives ought to be to their husbands in everything. 25 Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church and gave Himself up for her, 26 so that He might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, 27 that He might present to Himself the church in all her glory, having no spot or wrinkle or any such thing; but that she would be holy and blameless. 28 So husbands ought also to love their own wives as their own bodies. He who qloves his own wife loves himself; 29 for no one ever hated his own flesh, but nourishes and cherishes it, just as Christ also does the church, 30 because we are members of His body. 31 FOR THIS REASON A MAN SHALL LEAVE HIS FATHER AND MOTHER AND SHALL BE JOINED TO HIS WIFE, AND THE TWO SHALL BECOME ONE FLESH. 32 This mystery is great; but I am speaking with reference to Christ and the church. 33 Nevertheless, each individual among you also is to love his own wife even as himself, and the wife must see to it that she respects her husband. Chap. 6:1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 2 HONOR YOUR FATHER AND MOTHER (which is the first commandment with a promise), 3 SO THAT IT MAY BE WELL WITH YOU, AND THAT YOU MAY LIVE LONG ON THE EARTH. 4 Fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord. 5 Slaves, be obedient to those who are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in the sincerity of your heart, as to Christ; 6 not by way of eyeservice, as men-pleasers, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart. 7 With good will render service, as to the Lord, and not to men, 8 knowing that whatever good thing each one does, this he will receive back from the Lord, whether slave or free. 9 And masters, do the same things to them, and give up threatening, knowing that both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no partiality with Him.

Let's look at verse 18:
- 'wives...' - be obedient. Look to Christ's obedience (Phil. 2:5-9) Except; “Submit” is not exactly “obedience”, only. God has designed the human family for its benefit.

- 'as is fitting' - It's the right thing to do, because of their faith. These ideas are not popular in culturally. Wives submitting is an anathema. They want to 'be their own person'. This is not wrong, or sinful, by itself. The danger is that it leads to an attitude of total self-dependence, even against the Lord. Also, there is an 'umbrella', a penumbra of protection for the wives when they acknowledge the assigned leadership of the husband.
This is NOT superiority of man over woman. This is God's design for the family. On the other side of this, men are instructed to love their wives just as Christ loved the church. O.K. Who has the heavier burden - obedience or loving to the point of dying for them if need be?

Guidelines for family living - Husbands

Vs. 19 - Husbands, love your wives and do not be embittered against them.

- Husbands are not to be harsh with their wives. Why this admonition? If I love my wife, why would I be harsh or bitter towards her? I think part of the answer is that men and women are different. (DUH!) In general, it seems men are more linear in thinking, women are more relational. Men are sort of "See problem. Fix problem." (You could add, "If it breaks, it needed replacing anyway".) Men are often not subtle.
Note how often a man will ask his wife a question that only requires a 'Yes' or 'No' answer. Also, see how often he receives a multi-paragraph answer, that may not clearly answer the question. Women face the same type of difficulties - often they are put off by men's direct approach. They want to 'talk about it', they want to know how we feel. ("I'll tell you how I feel. I feel I want to fix it. Just get out of my way.") (By the Way: Wrong answer!)
Those differences, designed by God, when blended together in a family make both the husband and the wife better. When we fight against that blending, we get frustrated, which leads to anger and bitterness. She makes me a better man. She softens my blunt hammer/nail approach. She helps me to see a better way. I can help her in other ways. It is not that it is my job to remake her, and vice versa. God uses my wife to scrub off my rough edges.

Guidelines for family living - Children & Fathers

Vs. 20 - Children, be obedient to your parents in all things, for this is well-pleasing to the Lord.

- We see here the further development of God's umbrella of protection the family is to provide. This is also a "type" of our relationship to God. Not only does obedience to earthly parents please God, but obedience to our Father in heaven pleases Him. As in all things, these concepts can be pushed too far. This happens especially when we focus on the process, or the outcomes, instead of on Christ. He knows what is best for our families.

Vs. 21 - Fathers, do not provoke your children, so they will not become disheartened. Fathers, do not exasperate your children, so that they will not lose heart.

- 'Provoke' - What do we do that would drive them to provocation? What do we do that causes them to give up? (We cause them to become Disheartened.) Perhaps it is inconsistency. If they do not understand what is expected, if the decisions made are seemingly contradictory, their tasks are nearly impossible.

I had a boss at a consulting engineering firm. He seemed to second guess my decisions. He would make a comment about a design decision. So the next time I came to a similar situation, I did it the way he indicated. And, he wouldn't like it, making a comment, which caused me to change. So the next time I did it the way he had indicated. He wouldn't like it! I finally asked what was going on. It came out that he felt the changes he indicated were suggestions, basically aesthetic changes to the design presentation - he didn't expect me to change exactly. But I was frustrated and discouraged.

Likewise, when we are not clear and consistent, our children struggle. They love us, and want to please us (mostly) - inconsistency causes fear, anger, frustration, discouragement.

- 'exasperate' - by either being too harsh and unyielding, or by non-discipline. Discipline is not punishment (per se) but a long range planning and guidance program to bring the children to a level of self-discipline. You as the parent will not always be there to guide their decisions. When this is accomplished the child will not depart. (See Prov. 19:18, 22:6.) Do not expect instantaneous perfection.

Guidelines for family living - Slaves & Masters

Vs. 22-24 - Slaves, in all things obey those who are your masters on earth, not with external service, as those who merely please men, but with sincerity of heart, fearing the Lord. Whatever you do, do your work heartily, as for the Lord rather than for men, knowing that from the Lord you will receive the reward of the inheritance. It is the Lord Christ whom you serve.

- if we work so as to please Christ, men will surely be pleased. (See 1 Sam. 16:7b; Prov. 16:2, 7; Rom. 12:11).

- Note: Paul does not tell slaves to be free, but to be in Christ. Paul does not tell us to seek man's approval. God's standards are much higher than man's. If we strive to please Jesus in our work habits, our work production there will be no problem with our relationships to our bosses.
- Note: 'fearing the Lord' and 'It is The Lord Christ whom you serve'. People - aim higher! One of my favorite quotes from Vince Lombardi as he introduced himself to the Green Bay Packers, "Gentlemen, we are going to pursue perfection. We may not achieve perfection, but along the way we will find excellence." We will attain perfection when Christ comes again, or when we see Him face to face. But we are to pursue the perfection by the power of the Holy Spirit, and we will find excellence.”

Vs. 25 - For he who does wrong will receive the consequences of the wrong which he has done, and that without partiality.

- See 1 Pet. 1:17; Gal. 6:7, 8; Rom. 2:11. Interesting juxtaposition! Consequences, no matter who you are, will come to you because of your deeds. The 'For' at the beginning of the sentence refers back to something, but what? I think it refers to the previous three verses - 'external service', 'merely pleasing men', 'working for men, rather than Christ" - seeking to please men, rather than seeking to serve Christ. That is the 'doing wrong'!

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Chapter 4 verse 1 is a continuation of the practical application of the theory presented in the first half of chapter 3. The relational, person-to-person, part ends in verse 4:1.

Vs. 1 - Masters, treat your slaves with justice and fairness, because you know that you also have a master in heaven.

- See Lev. 25:43; Eph. 6:9. Jews were allowed to own slaves, as long as they were not Jewish, but foreigners. Jews were never to own another Jew. One has to wonder, how does owning another person square with 'justice and fairness'? I do not have an answer. It is not satisfying to go with 'slaves-to-sin' changed to 'slaves-to-Christ'. Jesus said we are no longer enemies, or slaves, but members of the family. We now have a different relationship with Jesus and the Father. Further study is required.

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Col. 3:12-17 - Put on love, Put on Christ

Put on love, Put on Christ
Vs. 12 - Therefore, as the elect of God, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with a heart of mercy, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience,

- 'And so' or 'Therefore' - this is part of an If-Then statement. The IF part is verses 9-11, the four reasons for the new way of living. The THEN part of the Statement starts with the word "Chosen" (see discussion below).
- "as the elect..." This is a parenthetical phrase - the verse would read just as well without it. 'Elect' and 'chosen' are used interchangeably. These words almost always are used to describe a person special to God, and are not often used in the verb sense. You are "chosen" because of who you are - a child of God. You are not chosen as in picking teams for a dodgeball team. Christ said that He called his apostles first, then they responded.
- "Chosen" - usually a title of position. We are "chosen" because we are in Christ. I don't think we are in Christ because we were chosen, plucked specially out of the masses, leaving the others. Sovereign God, omnipotent and omniscient, could pick and choose whom he pleases - there is no doubt about that.
But there are several promises and commands:

1. All who possess Christ are saved - Rom. 10:9,10; Matt. 10:32; John1:12;
2. Anyone who so desires may come - Matt. 5:6, 10:32, 18:18-20;
3. Go, witness, make all men His disciples - Matt. 28:18-20; Acts 1:8.

- If only certain ones are saved, no others have even a hope because they would be explicitly excluded. Even if they desired salvation, they could not attain it. On the other side, there could be those picked who have no desire to be saved. To base salvation totally on God's sovereignty takes away from God's grace. I think that does not fit with Eph. 2:8,9.

Two other points to consider -
(1) God sees time and events from the end of all things, as well as at the beginning and the present, e.g., He chastises us now because He can see the end result of our present actions. God 'foreknows', knows beforehand, who will come to Him for salvation (eternal, omniscient). But knowing and arbitrarily choosing are not the same. God is no respecter of persons (Rom. 2:11). God must, He has to know (the eternal and omniscient Lord) who the chosen ones are. If God picks the people for salvation, why 2 Pet. 3:9, or Matt. 11:28?
(2) God planned before time began (eternal) that we would be saved in this manner: by believing on The Lord Jesus Christ as our personal Lord and Savior; 1 Pet. 1:20; Rom. 8:28,29; 2 Tim. 1:9; Acts 2:23; Eph. 1:4.

- 'Clothe yourselves' - or 'put on' - this is a list of things that come from above, heaven. See also Gal. 5:22, 23.

1. heart of mercy - Also reads as compassion
2. kindness - “moral goodness, integrity”
3. humility - See: James 4:6, 10. (“A deep sense of one’s moral littleness”)
4. gentleness - “mildness of disposition, meekness”
5. patience - “endurance, constancy, steadfastness, perseverance; forbearance, long-suffering, slowness in avenging wrong

Vs. 13 - bearing with one another and forgiving one another, if someone happens to have a complaint against anyone else. Just as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also forgive others.

- 'bearing...' See Gal. 6:2,"Bear one another's burdens, and thereby fulfill the law of Christ." Rom. 15:1 -"Now we who are strong ought to bear the weaknesses of those without strength and not just please ourselves."
- 'forgiving each other' see Eph. 4:32 - Be kind to one another, tender-hearted, forgiving each other, just as God in Christ also has forgiven you; Matt. 6:14 - For if you forgive others for their transgressions, your heavenly Father will also forgive you; Mark 11:25 - "Whenever you stand praying, forgive, if you have anything against anyone, so that your Father who is in heaven will also forgive you your transgressions."

Vs. 14 - And to all these virtues add love, which is the perfect bond (of unity).

- for the 'put on love' see Eph. 5:14, 4:16b; Rom. 14:15; John 15:12, 17, 13:34,35; 2 Pet. 1:5-7.
- 'unity' see John 17:23.
- Above and beyond all the things Paul lists as necessary for Christian living - is love. Love is the motivation, purpose, of Christ's sacrifice. Love is the basis for the unity of the body of Christ, the church. If we Christians loved one another with the love of Christ, forgave as He did, etc., there indeed would be no bickering, back-biting, arguing, splitting of churches. Most of the church splits and 'doctrinal stances' are rather unimportant squabbles over matters that really have nothing to do with Christ or his saving grace. I feel that God will chide us when we meet Him for arguing over these things.

Vs. 15 - Let the peace of Christ be in control in your heart (for you were in fact called as one body to this peace), and be thankful.

- There are references to the peace, but not descriptions. See John 14:27, 16:33; Phil. 4:7; Isa. 26:3. Just what is the 'peace of Christ'? It first must be based on absolute faith in God and Christ. Note the calm nature and peaceful attitude of Christ as He faced the cross. How could anyone face that, knowing the pain and the load? Only when He knew the final outcome - Christ could see beyond the cross to the coming glory. That is peace. God gives us that peace when we put our whole trust in Him. The peace can flood our hearts despite the circumstances. Let this peace and the love of Christ control your actions.

- "to which...were called" - truly amazing. This stopped me and made me wonder. We have been called to peace as one body - Christian unity. Ponder on that - we are called for the purpose of peace. More than that, we are called to be peaceful within the body of believers! In other words, the peace of Christ is to control our actions towards others. On these principles, I would like to see someone start a church squabble or fight! It ain't gonna happen.

- 'be thankful' - See: 1 Thess. 5:18

Vs. 16 - Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, teaching and exhorting one another with all wisdom, singing psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, all with grace in your hearts to God.

- For the 'word of Christ' see Rom. 10:17; John 1:1, 14; 1 Cor. 15:3,4 - the gospel of Christ, including all the wonderful blessings.
- 'dwell in you richly' - to inhabit copiously. The gospel can not (should not) only be in us, but be fruitful and multiply, richly growing and overflowing.
- 'teaching' - Paul often writes of teaching with wisdom, admonishing with wisdom. (Eph. 5:19; Col. 1:28)

I believe the sequence goes like this: (1) facts, (2) knowledge, (3) wisdom - arranged in ascending order.
First: facts - the basic information, data - who, what, where - in this case about Christ (the Word).
Second: knowledge - understanding the facts - the how and the why of the facts. Seeing the meanings of Christ's actions and teachings.
Thirdly: wisdom - application of the knowledge to daily living to attain right living. There is a fourth word used a lot in Proverbs and other wisdom books - 'insight' or 'understanding'- which seems to have the connotation of application of wisdom, perhaps a synonym for wisdom.

Look at Proverbs 4:5-8 Acquire wisdom, acquire understanding; do not forget and do not turn aside from the words I speak. Do not forsake wisdom, and she will protect you; love her, and she will guard you. Wisdom is supreme - so acquire wisdom, and whatever you acquire, acquire understanding! Esteem her highly and she will exalt you; she will honor you if you embrace her.
- Note the emphasis: Whatever else you get, get understanding. Wisdom will help you navigate through life, understanding will help you know why the wisdom is applicable and it works.

- 'singing with thankfulness' - this would read better 'sing to God, with thankfulness in your heart.' When you meditate on the reasons for us to be thankful, the singing will come almost naturally.

Vs. 17 - And whatever you do in word or deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him.

- This verse is a summary thought for the preceding sixteen verses.
'do it all...' see also 1 Cor. 10:31, Col. 3:23 - any overt action, speaking as well as actions, is to be done for the glory of God. The old sayings apply: "Don't do anything I wouldn't do," or "... as if Christ was physically beside you, looking on".
Because Christ is beside you. He is looking on, and everything should be with His approval. If Christ is the basis for all our behavior, then there is no problem with right actions - they will be there. The reason I say "If" is that I don't always think before I act, don't always think of Jesus before I speak. When I live in the power of the Holy Spirit, listening to Him, then Christ is the basis.

Col. 3:5-11 - Dead to Immorality

Become Dead to Immorality

Vs. 5 - Therefore consider the members of your earthly body as dead to immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and greed, which amounts to idolatry.

- The 'therefore' is based on the following facts:

1. We are raised up with Christ;
2. Our life is hidden in Christ;
3. We will be revealed and be like Him;
4. We are to keep focused on the things above where Christ is.

'consider' - This is the concept of mapping your life based on these things. Acting as though you are indeed perfect in Christ, not struggling between the old and new natures. When you take a trip, especially if you are going a place you've never been, you usually buy a map.
We recently went on a long road trip across the United States. We called AAA, who gladly supplied maps and information booklets on the states we were visiting ("gladly" means we pay a lot for the AAA services.) We also use our GPS, which is a map and directions in one amazing electronic App. These tools tell us which road to take, where to turn. Let your life be completely 'mapped out' by Christ. Let the Holy Spirit be your spiritual 'GPS'.
Don't let yourself fall prey to, or take part in any of the following activities. Think of yourself as Christ's so much that thoughts of taking part in any such thing is impossible. In essence, in actuality, you are dead to these activities because you are Christ's. His claim on you is that big! Literally: This part of the the verse means, “Put them to death...” This is not passive. You act in the power of the Holy Spirit.

Here is a quick look at the list of sins listed in verse 5:

1. 'immorality' - fornication, adultery, incest, etc., especially sexual sins.
2. 'impurity' - uncleanness, physically and morally.
3. 'passion' - uncontrolled affections, lusts, anger, wrath.
4. 'evil desire' - longing desire, concupiscence, to lust after.
5. 'greed' - this is covetousness,
6. "'idolatry' - that means focusing the total mind, in effect to worship of, on a non-living, nor life-giving object. Not focusing on God.

Vs. 6 - For it is because of these things that the wrath of God will come upon the sons of disobedience,

- See verse 5 for for the "because of these things.

- "the "wrath of God" - See Rom. 1:18; Eph. 5:6; John 3:36. Judgement of the world, because of sin, is to come. When the time is right all of these will be done away with. These are all part of man's nature. Actually, they are symptoms of the sin nature. These sins exist. The possibility of these actions always exist because we are sinners. They are a result of the sinful nature; these sins occur because of the nature, not the other way around. An old saying, "We sin because we are sinners; we are not sinners because we sin." God does not grade on a curve. Saying, "I'm not as bad as ..." Gains you absolutely nothing. Despite the popular view of God that He is so good and loving He would not condemn anyone is wrong. If we reject Christ, we condemn ourselves - God's wrath remains on us (John 3:36). That is the penalty, the judgement against sin, and only Christ's death and resurrection can save.

Vs. 7 - and in them you also once walked, when you were living in them.

- See Eph. 2:2. Before Christ came into our lives, these things were a part of our lives. You may say, “No! I never...” Unfortunately these are all part of the nature with which you were born. And, it should be acknowledged that if you have committed one, you are guilty of breaking them all. See: James 2:10, 11.

Vs. 8 - But now you also, put them all aside: anger, wrath, malice, slander, and abusive speech from your mouth.

- More things to avoid in our Christian Life. Those listed in verse 5 were more personal - internal abuses, battles of the mind and flesh. The list in verses 8 and 9 have to do with person-to-person relationships.

1. "anger" - From Ungers Bible Dictionary the word anger means 'displeasure or indignation from the feeling of injury done or intended...anger is not sinful per se, anger is sinful when it rises without reflection; when the injury is only apparent; when disproportional to the offense; when it attacks the innocent; when it becomes revengeful'. This word is the “revenge end” of the wrath that may arise if not controlled by Jesus in your life.
2. "wrath" - 'turmoil, boiling emotion - which may subside or turn into revenge'
3. "malice" - 'a vicious disposition that attributes evil motive to the actions of others, and picks the worst motive for any action.' From the Greek word for 'badness'.
4. "slander" - to defame, or accuse falsely
5. "abusive speech" - filthy communication, morally impure. This is not being mean to people by calling them names, or saying bad things about them. Literally this is blasphemy (in the Greek) - speaking evil of God, or deny the good God does, or assigning God's attributes to a creature. There is more here on this than I am capable of expounding on.
6. "do not lie" - opposite of telling the truth (from verse 9)

Vs. 9 - Do not lie to one another, since you laid aside the old self with its evil practices,

- "Do not lie" - see the discussion in verse 8 above.

- "Laid aside the old self" - the second half of verse 9, along with verses 10 and 11 are a repetition of the reasons that new action is necessary. We cannot live like we used to before we accepted Christ.

Similar to verse 3:1-4, there are four reasons - two solutions and two promises:

1. put off the old self, verse 9;
2. put on a new self, verse 10;
3. the new self is renewed to be like the one who did it all, verse 10;
4. we are renewed to the point that there are no differences because we are in Christ, verse 11.

This is to be an active choice. There is nothing passive about our life in Christ. Faith does not just happen to us, we must be involved. God will bless us with faith, but we still must act upon it. Also, when we accept Jesus as Lord of our lives, there is more to do. Not more to do with respect to salvation, but more to do to with living out our Christian lives.

Vs. 10 - and have put on the new self who is being renewed to a true knowledge according to the image of the One who created him—

- Because the old nature is not dead and gone until we are resurrected in Christ, we must always make the decision to put it aside and choose the new nature given to us by Christ and powered by the Holy Spirit. Christ said we must be born again (John 3:3-7). We are saved by mercy, through renewing and regeneration (Titus 3:5,6).

Vs. 11 - a renewal in which there is no distinction between Greek and Jew, circumcised and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave and freeman, but Christ is all, and in all.

- An interesting list of believers -
'Greek and Jew' - most probably means Gentiles and descendants of Jacob.
- 'Greek' does not necessarily mean Grecian descent, and was used interchangeably with Gentiles.
'Circumcised and uncircumcised' - A repeat of the Gentile and Jew delineation.
- 'Barbarian' - This is a Roman subject who does not speak Greek. (It does not have the connotation we now use for 'barbarian'.)
- 'Scythian' - A person who resides probably in the areas northeast of Rome, probably in modern-day Russia, and may or may not be under Roman rule (there were believers there, too!) Very little was known about that region at that time. But “Scythian” had the connotation of truly uncouth. We tend to do the same with “redneck”, or people from the Appalachian area.
'Slave and freeman' - Obvious... Just like there are two types of people, Jews or Gentiles, there are only slaves or free.
Paul has included the whole gamut of Christians - either here or there, everywhere, known or unknown. We have no reason to feel superior to others, even to feel superior to non-believers. We are Christ's, therefore there is no race, creed, nor color - just heirs of God, brothers of Christ.

Col. 2:20-23 - All other matters are a mere bagatelle

If with Christ, then All Other Matters are Secondary

Vs. 20 - If you have died with Christ to the elementary principles of the world, why, as if you were living in the world, do you submit yourself to decrees, such as,

“If you have died” - This is not a question of doubting their faith in Christ. It would make sense for this to read, “Since you have died...” Or, “If you have died with Christ, and you have...”

“Elementary principles of the world” - The world’s philosophers and deep thinkers believe they the answers. If you just follow their formulae then your life will run smoothly. All (or almost all) of these plans do not consider Jesus Christ in their schemes. I am not using ‘schemes’ in a nefarious sense, but the sense of world viewpoint or paradigm.
I am a fan of science fiction novels. Most of the authors are not believers in Jesus Christ. Most are anti-Christian, or at least anti-religion - viewing the effects of religion as extremely negative and oppressive. One of the series, starting with “The Golden Compass” (Pullman) is extremely antagonistic to God. At one point it is said that if God was eliminated we all would be free and joyful. (BTW: God is shown as a wisened shriveled little man in a coffin being disposed of in the third novel in the series.)
And yet, the view of the future universe for so many authors is bleak. For example, see the movie “Blade Runner”, for a view of the utopia the world without Jesus. This is not extremely different from other visions of the future.

“As if you were living in the world” - Paul wants us to see that we are living in Christ’s presence. I fully realize that my body is living in a fallen world. The difference my allegiance is now to Christ, not to this fallen world. We, as believers, are not of this world - what a paradox. See: Jn. 12:46; Acts 17:24; 2 Cor. 4:4; Col. 3:1,2. We are friends of God, not of this world - 1 John 2:16; James 4:4.

"Why... do you submit" - The essence is - you are in Christ. You don't have to go through all that stuff. So, why are you doing it?  This is the FIFth Warning - BOLO - "Do not submit to 'rules'."

Vs. 21 - "Do not handle, do not taste, do not touch!"

“Do not...”- These are petty rules, sometimes dealing with ceremonial uncleanness. By “petty” I am comparing these rules which people will try to earn their way into the presence of God Almighty, to faith in Jesus. These rules will only drag you down. Whether trying to apply Jewish rules and procedures, or pagan religion practices, none of these make sense. None of these extra rules have any efficacious effect on your salvation. We are saved in Christ alone.

Vs. 22 - (which all refer to things destined to perish with use) — in accordance with the commandments and teachings of men?

“Things destined to perish” - All of the above are man-made commandments. Since the things of this world are not permanent, they cannot have any permanent hold on the Christian life.

- "in accordance with..." Refers to the rules of verse 21. Jesus also highlighted this very problem. See: Mark 7:8.

Vs. 23 - These are matters which have, to be sure, the appearance of wisdom in self-made religion and self-abasement and severe treatment of the body, but are of no value against fleshly indulgence.

- Look at the cults, especially Mormon or Jehovah's Witnesses. Consider how logical they sound. Most cults have very strict legal rules that must be followed. They sound good. They make sense. Paul says here that anything man makes up, sounds logical, but does not change the inner man - only Christ does that.

"self-made religion" - Other than Judaism and Christianity all other religions in the world have been created by man’s imagination and creativity. Whether the ancient polytheistic religions with gods and goddesses, or eastern polytheistic religions, or modern cults based on Christianity share some of the same basic system - each person must DO SOMETHING to gain approval.

"self-abasement" - Some religions require a ritual of self-flagellation.

"severe treatment of the body” - Religions which require self-deprivation, disfigurement, and other grotesque bodily mutilation. Look at the cults, or religions such as Mormons, Seventh Day Adventist, Jehovah's Witness, etc. Most have very strict legal rules that that must be followed. They sound good. They make sense. Pauls says here that anything man makes up, or sounds logical, but does not change the inner man - only Christ does that.

This was the Sixth Warning - BOLO - "Self-made Religion".

Chapters 1 & 2 present a rather complete view of our dependence upon Christ. The result when we turn from Him is man-made rules and regulations. Christ is the head of the church, and All things. Cling to Him, and Him alone. Clearly the first part of this letter is to disciple believers, to keep the reader's heart and minds on Christ.

End of Chapter 2